杀线虫剂胁迫对甘薯茎线虫化学趋性的影响

杀线虫剂胁迫对甘薯茎线虫化学趋性的影响(11000字)
摘　要：实验室条件下研究了涕灭威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和丙溴磷在低剂量胁迫下对甘薯茎线虫趋化性的影响。结果表明：在无药剂胁迫情况下甘薯茎线虫对灰霉菌、半裸镰刀菌的趋化性最强，其次为马铃薯，对甘薯无趋性。在含有5×10-2μg/ml涕灭威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和丙溴磷的水琼脂平板，线虫的趋化性均受到抑制，且甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抑制活性高于其它两种药剂；线虫经10-1-10-3μg/ml的涕灭威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和丙溴磷浸渍24 h后采用灭菌去离子水清洗三次并恢复24 h后，线虫的趋性仍受到抑制。值得注意的是，在含5×10-3μg/ml丙溴磷水琼脂或经丙溴磷10-3-10-4μg/ml处理后，线虫的趋性发生了改变，表现出对甘薯块具有一定的趋性。

关键词：甘薯茎线虫；化学趋性；引诱物；杀线虫剂；

Effects of nematicides on the chemotaxis of Ditylenchus destructor
Abstract: Effect of different type of nematicides on the chemoreceptor activity of Ditylenchus destructor was tested by using a chemoreception bioassay in vitro. Nematodes were placed in the centre of 15 cm diameter petri dish which contained 1% agar base. The attractions, including Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium semitectum, potatoes cutting and sweet potato cutting, were placed at equal distance from the centre. The 1% water agar discs were used as blank. The results showed that Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium semitectum are significantly much more attractive than potato cutting, and nematode have not tendency toward sweet potato cutting. The chemoreception response of Ditylenchus destructor was inhibited when bioassay was performed in 1% agar plate which contained 5-5×10-2μg/mL aldicarb, emamectin benzoate and profenofos, respectively. The other experiment, nematodes were incubated in nematicides solution or control solution for 36h, subsequently washed three times each and then for 24h in distilled water. Nematode chemoreceptive response was inhibited at very low concentration (10-1-10-3μg/ml) of aldicarb, emamectin benzoate and profenofos through the same bioassay methods also. It is worth noting that the tendency of nematodes which tested in agar plate contained 5×10-3μg/mL profenofos or treated with 10-3-10-4μg/mL profenofos was enhanced toward sweet potato cutting.
Key Words Ditylenchus destructor, Bait ,nematicide, chemotaxis
 

目  录
摘要……………………………………………………………………………1
关键词…………………………………………………………………………1
1前言…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1甘薯茎线虫的特征………………………………………………………………1
1.2甘薯茎线虫病的症状…………………………………………………………2
1.3甘薯茎线虫的发生规律和传播途径…………………………………………3
1.3.1甘薯茎线虫的发生规律…………………………………………………3
1.3.2甘薯茎线虫的传播途径…………………………………………………3
  1.4甘薯茎线虫的危害……………………………………………………………3
  1.5目前国内的生化防治方法及其潜在危害……………………………………3
1.5.1生物杀线剂对甘薯茎线虫的综合防效…………………………………3
1.5.2一般采用的化学防治及其潜在危害……………………………………4
  1.6国内外对线虫的研究进展……………………………………………………4
 1.7研究意义………………………………………………………………………5
2材料与方法…………………………………………………………………………5
2.1材料的制备和提取……………………………………………………………5
2.1.1药剂………………………………………………………………………5
2.1.2线虫的培养………………………………………………………………5
2.2实验方法………………………………………………………………………6
  2.2.1甘薯茎线虫在加入药剂的水琼脂上的化学趋性测定…………………6
  2.2.2甘薯茎线虫经不同浓度药剂处理后在水琼脂中的趋化性测定………6
3杀线虫剂胁迫对甘薯茎线虫化学趋性影响的结果与分析………………………7
  3.1甘薯茎线虫在加入药剂水琼脂中的趋化性…………………………………7
    3.1.1甘薯茎线虫在加入不同浓度甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水琼脂中的趋化性……7
  3.1.2甘薯茎线虫在加入不同浓度甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水琼脂中的趋化性……7
3.1.3 甘薯茎线虫在加入不同浓度丙溴磷水琼脂中的趋化性………………8
  3.2甘薯茎线虫经不同浓度药剂浸渍恢复后在水琼脂中的趋化性……………8
3.2.1甘薯茎线虫经不同浓度的涕灭威浸渍恢复后在水琼脂中的趋化性…8
3.2.2 甘薯茎线虫经不同浓度的甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐浸渍恢复后在水琼脂……9
3.2.3 甘薯茎线虫经不同浓度的甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐浸渍恢复后在水琼脂中的趋化性…9
4讨论与小结……………………………………………………………………… 10
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………11
致谢……………………………………………………………………………14