6.98m土压平衡盾构机液驱刀盘的液压系统设计及性能分析(含CAD图)(任务书,开题报告,论文说明书22000字,CAD图5张)
摘要
盾构机是一种隧道掘进的专用工程机械，刀盘是盾构机的重要组成部分，其驱动系统功耗大，驱动负载惯性大、波动大，合理的传动方式对机械工作性能极其重要，本文针对于福州地铁2号线中使用的6.98m土压平衡盾构机的刀盘电动驱动系统启动冲击大、调速性能差等缺点，研究了盾构机刀盘扭矩的理论计算方法，设计了一套土压平衡盾构机刀盘液压驱动系统，并对其性能进行了分析。
首先，分析盾构机刀盘扭矩的影响因素，在此基础上分析刀盘扭矩的组成，然后分别对各个组成部分进行详细的计算推导，最终得出刀盘扭矩的理论计算公式，并结合所使用盾构机的相关参数和福州的地质条件对其刀盘扭矩进行计算。
其次，根据刀盘液压驱动系统的设计要求，对不同可行方案进行对比分析，最终采用多个大排量双向变量泵联合驱动的闭式系统；分别设计主驱动回路、补油回路、控制回路和马达制动与排量切换回路，并对各个回路的原理进行分析；然后对系统中的元件进行选型计算，计算系统的主要参数，并完成集成块的设计。
再次，对刀盘液压系统的压力损失和冲击进行计算；建立系统的数学模型，分析液压固有频率 和液压阻尼比 对刀盘液压驱动系统响应速度和稳定性的影响，并提出提高系统响应速度和稳定性的相应措施。
最后，利用AMESIM软件对所设计的刀盘液压驱动系统进行仿真分析，对不同负载扭矩时的刀盘调速性能和恒功率控制效果进行仿真分析，对系统中可能出现的马达损坏现象的仿真分析。
关键词：土压平衡盾构机；刀盘扭矩；刀盘液压驱动系统；数学模型；仿真分析
Abstract
Shield machine is a kind of specialized tunneling engineering machinery, and the cutter head is the key component of shield machine. System for driving the cutter head has large power consumption. The load’sinertia is great and it also has great fluctuation.It is extremely important to adopt a reasonable drive way to the performance of machine. The research in this paper is based on the6.98mearth pressure balance shield machine which is used in the Fuzhou Second Metro Line. This earth pressure balance shield machine is driven by electricity. The driving system has a great impact of starting and bad speed-governing performance. The method of theoretical calculation for the torque of cutter head is studied. The hydraulic system of cutter head for earth pressure balance shield machine is designed, and the performance is also studied.
Firstly, some factors that impact the torque of cutter head are explained. Then, the composition of torque of cutter head is studied. In order to get the theoretical formula of torque of cutter head, all parts of torque of cutter head is deduced in detail. In the end,torque of cutter head of the 6.98m earth pressure balance shield machine is calculated.
Secondly, according to the design requirements of the hydraulic system of cutter head, two solutions are put forward. By comparing their advantages and disadvantages, the closed loop system by using several double-action variable displacement pumps which have large displacement is adopted. Circuit of main drive, make-upcircuit, control circuit and displacement switching and brake circuit are designed, and the principles of four circuits are explained. Then,all hydraulic valves’ models are determined. The main parameters in the system are calculated. The design of cartridgeblocks also is done.
Thirdly, loss of pressure and hydraulic shock ofhydraulic system of cutter head are calculated.Then mathematical model is built. The effect of hydraulic natural frequency and hydraulic damping ratio on the response rate and stability ofhydraulic system of cutter head is analyzed, and the measures of accelerating response speed and increasing stability are put forward.
Finally, the simulation and analysis of the system is done by using AMESIM, the simulations and analyses of the cutter head’s speed-governing performance and the result of constant power control in different load are done, andthe simulation and analysis of the system which has a damaged motor is also done.
Keywords:Earth pressure balance shield machine; Torque of cutter head;Hydraulic system of cutter head;Mathematical model; Simulation and analysis
目录
第1章绪论 1
1.1土压平衡盾构机简介 1
1.2研究目的及意义 1
1.3国内外盾构机的发展历史和现状 2
1.3.1国外盾构机的发展历史和现状 2
1.3.2国内盾构机的发展历史和现状 3
1.4盾构机刀盘驱动系统的研究现状 4
第2章土压平衡盾构机刀盘扭矩的分析与计算 6
2.1刀盘扭矩的影响因素分析 6
2.2土压平衡盾构机刀盘扭矩的经验计算 7
2.3土压平衡盾构机刀盘扭矩的理论分析与公式推导 8
2.3.1刀盘切削阻力扭矩 9
2.3.2刀盘正面与土体间的摩擦力矩 10
2.3.3刀盘背面与渣土的摩擦力矩 11
2.3.4刀盘圆周面与土体的摩擦力矩 11
2.3.5密封装置产生的摩擦力矩 13
2.3.6主轴承的旋转阻力矩 13
2.3.7刀盘的自重产生的轴承阻力矩 13
2.3.8刀盘开口处的剪切力矩 14
2.3.9土舱内搅拌棒产生的阻力矩 14
2.4 6.98m土压平衡盾构机刀盘扭矩的计算 15
2.5本章小结 16
第3章 6.98m土压平衡盾构机刀盘液压驱动系统的设计 17
3.1刀盘液压驱动系统的设计要求 17
3.2刀盘液压驱动系统方案的比较分析 17
3.3刀盘液压驱动系统的原理设计 19
3.3.1主驱动回路的设计 19
3.3.2补油回路的设计 22
3.3.3控制回路的设计 23
3.3.4马达制动与排量切换回路的设计 24
3.4本章小结 25
第4章液压元件的选型计算与集成块设计 26
4.1液压马达的选型计算 26
4.2液压泵的选型计算 27
4.3电机的选型计算 28
4.4液压阀的选型 29
4.5刀盘液压驱动系统的主要参数计算 31
4.6集成块的设计 32
4.7本章小结 35
第5章土压平衡盾构机刀盘液压驱动系统的性能分析 36
5.1刀盘液压驱动系统的压力损失计算 36
5.2刀盘液压驱动系统的压力冲击计算 37
5.3刀盘液压驱动系统的数学建模与分析 38
5.3.1刀盘液压驱动系统数学模型的建立 38
5.3.2刀盘液压驱动系统主要性能参数分析 41
5.4本章小结 41
第6章 6.98m土压平衡盾构机刀盘液压驱动系统的仿真分析 42
6.1刀盘液压驱动系统仿真模型的建立 42
6.2刀盘调速性能及系统恒功率控制的仿真分析 43
6.3马达损坏的仿真分析 47
6.4本章小结 50
第7章刀盘液压驱动系统的经济性分析 51
第8章总结与展望 52
8.1论文总结 52
8.2研究展望 52
参考文献 54
附录A 56
附录B 57
附录C 58
附录D 59
附录E 60
致谢 61
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