摘要
我国模具行业将向大型、精密、复杂、高效、长寿命和多功能方向发展。
目前，电子、汽车、电机、电器、仪器、仪表、家电、通讯和军工等产品中，６０％－８０％的零部件，都要依靠模具成型。用模具成型的制件所表现出来的高精度、高复杂性、高一致性、高生产率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所无法比拟。模具在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益和开发能力。
专家认为，我国模具行业日趋大型化，而且精度将越来越高。１０年前，精密模具的精度一般为５μｍ，现在已达２－３μｍ。不久，１μｍ精度的模具将上市。随着零件微型化及精度要求的提高，有些模具的加工精度公差就要求在１μｍ以下，这就要求发展超精加工。
专家认为，我国模具行业要进一步发展多功能复合模具，一套多功能模具除了冲压成型零件外，还担负叠压、攻丝、铆接和锁紧等组装任务。通过这种多功能的模具生产出来的不再是成批零件，而是成批的组件，如触头与支座的组件、各种微小电机、电器及仪表的铁芯组件等。多色和多材质塑料成形模具也将有较快发展。这种模具缩短了产品的生产周期，今后在不同领域将得到发展和应用。
随着热流道技术的日渐推广应用，热流道模具在塑料模具中的比重将逐步提高。采用热流道技术的模具可提高制件的生产率和质量，并能大幅度节约制件的原材料，这项技术的应用在国外发展很快，已十分普遍。国内热流道模具也已经生产，有些企业已达３０％左右，但总的来看，比例太低，亟待发展。随着塑料成型工艺的不断改进与发展，气辅模具及适应高压注射成型工艺的模具将随之发展。
有关专家认为，模具标准件的应用将日渐广泛，模具标准化及模具标准件的应用能极大地影响模具制造周期。使用模具标准件不但能缩短模具制造周期，而且能提高模具质量和降低模具制造成本。同时，快速经济模具的前景十分广阔。由于人们要求模具的生产周期越短越好，因此开发快速经济模具越来越引起人们的重视。例如研制各种超塑性材料来制作模具；用环氧、聚酯或在其中填充金属、玻璃等增强物制作简易模具。这类模具制造工艺简单，精度易控制，收缩率较小，价格便宜，寿命较高。还可用水泥塑料制作汽车覆盖件模具。中、低熔点合金模具，喷涂成型模具，电铸模，精铸模，层叠模，陶瓷吸塑模及光造型和使用热硬化橡胶快速制造低成本模具等快速经济模具将进一步发展。快换模架、快换冲头等也将日益发展。另外采用计算机控制和机械手操作的快速换模装置、快速试模装置技术也会得到发展和提高。
关键词：
大型、精密、复杂、高效、长寿命、多功能、快速换模装置和快速试模装置
Abstract
China's mold industry will be large, sophisticated, complex, high efficiency, long life and multi-direction.
At present, electronics, automotive, electrical, electronics, instruments, meters, home appliances, communications and military products, 60% -80% of the parts, must rely on molding. With the mold forming the workpiece has shown high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption, other manufacturing methods can not match. Mold to a large extent determine the quality of products, efficiency and development capability.
Experts believe that China's mold industry will become increasingly large, and the accuracy will be higher. 10 years ago, the general accuracy of precision molds for the 5μm, now stands at 2-3μm. Soon, 1μm precision mold will be listed. With the miniaturization and precision components increased, and some mold precision tolerance requires the following in 1μm, which requires the development of super-finishing.
Experts believe that China's mold industry to further develop multi-functional composite mold, forming a multi-part mold in addition to stamping, but also shoulder layers, tapping, riveting and assembly tasks such as locking. With this versatile mold is no longer produced bulk parts, but the bulk of the components, such as contact with the bearing components, various small motors, electrical and instrumentation core components. Multicolor and multi-material plastic molding mold will also be rapid development. This mold shorten the production cycle, the future will be developed in different areas and applications.
With the increasing popularization and application of hot runner technology, hot runner mold in the plastic mold proportion will gradually increase. Mold with hot runner technology can improve productivity and quality of workpiece, and can greatly save the raw material workpiece, the technology has developed rapidly in a foreign country, has been very common. Domestic hot runner mold has also been produced, some companies has reached 30%, but, in general, the ratio is too low, yet to be developed. With the plastic molding process of continuous improvement and development of mold and adapt to the high-pressure gas-assisted injection molding process will follow the development of mold.
Relevant experts believe that mold standard applications will become increasingly widespread, standardized mold and mold standard parts can greatly affect the application of mold manufacturing cycle. Use mold standard parts can not only reduce the mold cycle, but also improve quality and reduce mold mold manufacturing costs. Meanwhile, the prospect of rapid economic mold very broad. As people asked mold production cycle as short as possible, so development of rapid economic die has drawn increasing attention. Superplastic materials such as the development of various production molds; use epoxy, polyester, or in which the filler metal, glass and other reinforcements to make simple molds.
Such mold manufacturing process is simple, accurate and easy to control, low shrinkage, low cost, high life expectancy. Can also be made with cement plastic car cover mold. , The low melting point alloy mold, spray mold, electrical mold, precision molds, stack molds, ceramic molds and plastic optical modeling and the use of thermal hardening of rubber molds and other low-cost rapid manufacturing will be further development of rapid economic mold. Quick mold, quick growing hedge will be first class. Another robot with computer control and operation of the quick tooling change system, quick test mode device technology will be developed and improved.
Key words:
large, sophisticated, complex, high efficiency, long life and multi-direction.
robot with computer control and operation of the quick tooling change system, quick test mode device technology
目录 16000字
摘要 （中文）-----------------------------------II
（英文）-----------------------------------------------------------III
1 前言-------------------------------------------------------------7
2结构的步骤及设计任务---------------------------------7
2.1注塑成型的概述------------------------------------------------9
2.2注塑模具的设计须按照以下几个步骤进行--------------------------9
3 显示器的成形工艺性分析--------------------------------------------11
3.1显示器材料的选择及其结构分析-------------------------------------11
3.2 ABS的注塑成型工艺-------------------------------------------------15
3.3 ABS的性能工艺-----------------------------------------------------16
3.4 ABS成型塑件的主要缺陷及消除措施------------------------------18
4 模具结构形式的拟定---------------------------------------------------18
4.1确定型腔数量及排列方式-------------------------------------------- 18
4.2模具结构形式的确定------------------------------------------------ 19
4.3大型容器注射模具的壁厚计算-----------------------------------20
5注塑机型号的确定----------------------------------------------------------23
5.1有关塑件的计算------------------------------------------------23
5.2注射机型号的确定----------------------------------------------23
5.3注射机及型腔数量的校核----------------------------------------24
5.4 注射机及参数量的校核 ----------------------------------------24
5.4.1注射量的校核---------------------------------------------------24
5.4.2型腔数量的确定和校核-------------------------------------------25
5.4.3塑件在分型面上的投影面积与-------------------------------------26
5.4.4最大注射压力校核-----------------------------------------------26
5.4.5模具与注射机安装部份的校核-------------------------------------27
5.4.6开模行程校核---------------------------------------------------27
6分型面位置的确定-----------------------------------------------------28
6.1 分界面的形式-------------------------------------------------28
6.2分型面的设计原则----------------------------------------------28
7浇注系统的形式和浇口的设计-----------------------------------29
7.1分流道冷料井的设计--------------------------------------------29
7.2分流道的设计--------------------------------------------------29
7.3浇口的设计----------------------------------------------------31
7.4浇注系统的平衡------------------------------------------------34
8 总结--------------------------------------------------36
致 谢---------------------------------------------------37
参考文献----------------------------------------38
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