基于PLC的16路抢答器控制系统设计(含CAD图)(论文说明书14000字,CAD图纸7张)
摘 要
可编程序控制器（PLC）是一种新型的通用的自动控制装置，它将传统的继电器控制技术、计算机技术和通讯技术融为一体，是功能加强、编程简单、使用方便以及体积小、重量轻、功耗低等一系列优点。PLC的应用领域已经拓宽到了各个领域，PLC的发展历程在工业生产过程中，大量的开关量顺序控制，它按照逻辑条件进行顺序动作，并按照逻辑关系进行连锁保护动作的控制，及大量离散量的数据采集。在传统上，这些功能是通过气动或电气控制系统来实现的。PLC最基本最广泛的用于开关量的逻辑控制，它取代传统的继电器电路，实现逻辑控制，顺序控制，既可用于单台设备的控制，也可用于多机群控及自动化流水线。如注塑机，印刷机，订书机，组合抢答器，磨床，包装等。目前，PLC在国内外已广泛应用于钢铁，石油，化工，电力，建材，机械制造，汽车，轻纺，交通运输，环保及文化娱乐等各个行业，使用广泛。
在日常生活中，智能抢答器广泛的应用于各种竞争和抢答场合。越来越多的抢答器投入市场，可是大部分的抢答器主要采用的是单片机系统；而单片机系统由于稳定性不高，所以我们设想是否可以利用PLC进行抢答器的设计，所以针对此毕业设计进行了软硬件的设计，基于此，我们采用了西门子公司的S7-300型PLC设计了一款基于PLC的抢答器供学生进行各种知识竞赛使用。
本设计将以PLC为核心设计了系统结构图、程序指令、梯形图以及输入输出端子的分配方案，在保留了原始抢答器的基本功能的同时又增加了一系列的实用功能并简化其电路结构，其将以控制方便，灵活，只要改变输入PLC的控制程序，便可改变竞赛抢答器的抢答方案，从而使得竞赛不断完善其公平、公正性。
关键字：PLC；智能抢答器；S7-300型；梯形图。
absraote
Pneumatic manipulator is a automated devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.
This article is mainly of the pneumatic manipulator the overall design, and pneumatic design. This mechanism of manipulator includes cylinders and claws and connectors parts, it can move according to the due track on the movement of grabbing, carrying and unloading. The pneumatic part of the design is primarily to choose the right valves and design a reasonable pneumatic control loop, by controlling and regulating pressure, flow and direction of the compressed air to make it get the necessary strength, speed and changed the direction of movement in the prescribed procedure work.It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic .The principle, technical pare-maters, transmiting system and main parts structure of mincing ma-chine were introduced.The productingcapacity was analysed.Keywords Mincing machine Holds plate Cutting blade Transfer auger
This paper discusses the meat processing machinery - crusher working principle, main technical parameters, transmission system, the typical parts of the structure design and production capacity analysis.
Key word: pneumatic manipulator；cylinder；pneumatic loop；Four degrees of freedom.
目录
摘要 3
Abstract 4
第一章、绪论 7
1.1 课题的背景 9
1.2 抢答器概述 10
1.3 抢答器抢答过程的介绍 13
1.4 PLC简介 15
1.4.1 PLC的定义 16
1.4.2 PLC的基础知识 18
1.4.3 PLC的用途 19
1.5 PLC的组成...........................................................................................................20
1.5.1中央处理单元...............................................................................................20
1.5.2存储器...........................................................................................................20
1.5.3输入输出单元...............................................................................................20
1.5.4通讯接口.......................................................................................................21
1.5.5智能接口模块...............................................................................................21
1.5.6编程装置.......................................................................................................22
1.5.7电源...............................................................................................................22
第二章、16路抢答器控制系统的设计 23
2.1 16路抢答器的工作原理 23
2.2 16路抢答器PLC外部接线图 23
2.3 16路抢答器的结构流程图 23
2.4 16路抢答器的系统控制结构框图 25
2.5 16路抢答器的控制过程 25
第三章、16路抢答器的PLC设计 27
3.1 输入输出点分配 28
3.2 PLC的选择 29
3.3 16路抢答器PLC控制系统接线图 30
第四章、16路抢答器PLC控制程序 31
结论 32
致谢 33
参考文献 34
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