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基于PLC的智能火灾自动报警系统的设计与实现

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基于PLC的智能火灾自动报警系统的设计与实现(任务书,开题报告,论文说明书15000字)
摘要
随着社会经济水平的提高,现代智能建筑不断增多,火灾隐患也在不断增加。物流产业的迅速发展带来了现代物流仓库的增多,其主要功能是用于货物中转、仓储和装卸配送。其大空间、高密度、易流动的特征增加了现代化物流仓库的火灾危险性以及火灾发生时的扑救难度,因此其消防安全需要格外重视。
本文从现代化物流仓库的功能结构入手,分析了其防火需求和火灾特点,设计了一套较为完善、安全、可靠的智能火灾自动报警系统。该系统具有接收、传递和显示火灾报警信息的功能,并能控制相应的消防联动设备进行灭火。系统由上位机系统和下位机系统组成,上位机与下位机之间通过现场总线连接通信,实现上位机对现场的实时画面监控。下位机系统由PLC、火灾探测器、报警装置、消防联动设备等组成,建立了分布式的火灾报警系统。火灾探测器选用感温探测器、吸气式感烟探测器、火焰探测器以及CO气体浓度探测器,共同实现对火灾信息的检测。消防联动设备包括了自动喷水灭火系统、泡沫灭火系统、气体灭火系统、排烟风机和防火卷帘等,以便及时扑灭火情。
本设计将PLC自动控制系统与火灾自动报警系统相结合,实现现代物流仓库的火灾报警与消防一体化、自动化,系统集成度高、抗干扰性强、编程简单、便于开发维护和升级。使用多种类型传感器共同检测现场环境数据,提高了火情检测的准确度。采用电磁阀控制灭火执行装置,通过电磁阀的通断进而控制相应的消防设备灭火。
研究和试验表明,该系统能满足现代物流仓库的防火需求,及时准确地在早期发现火灾并扑灭火灾,保证现代物流仓库的消防安全,达到设计的目的。
关键词:火灾自动报警系统;PLC;火灾探测器
 
Abstract
With the improvement of socio-economic level and the growing number of modern intelligent building, fire hazards are increasing. Modern logistics warehouse has the special feature of the industrial buildings which develop rapidly in recent years. It is mainly used for cargo transit, warehousing and handling distribution.Its large space, high density, easy flow characteristics increase the risk of fire in modern logistics warehouse and make firefighting more difficult.soits fire safety needs particular attention .
This paper starts from the function and structure of modern logistics warehouse, then analyzes its fire features and the demand for fireproof.I design a more comprehensive, secure, reliable and intelligent automatic fire alarm system. The tem can accept,transfer and display the informationabout a fire alarm. And it can control the corresponding fire linkage equipment for firefighting. The System consists of a host computer system and lower computer system,which connect by bus to achieve the real-time monitoring of the site from the host computer. Lower computer system consists by the PLC, fire detectors, alarms and fire linkage equipment which establish a distributed fire alarm system.Fire detectors in this system we choose temperature detectors, aspirating smoke detectors, flame detectors and CO gas concentration detectors in order to detect the fire informationtogether. Fire linkage equipment include automatic sprinkler system, foam extinguishing system,gas fire extinguishing system,exhaust fans and fire shutterin order to put out the fire quickly.
In this design the PLC automatic control system combine with fire alarm system to achieve the integration and automation of fire alarm and firefighting in modern logistics warehouse. The
system is highly integrated, strong anti-interference, easy to program,maintain and upgrade. Using multi-sensor to monitor environmental information on site improve the precision and accuracy of detection. Extinguishing actuators are controlled by electromagnetic valve.
Studies and tests show that the system can meet the needs of modern logistics warehouse for fireproof. It can find out the fire accurately in the early time and put them out to guarantee the security of modern logistics warehouse and achieve the aim of this design.
Key words:Automatic fire alarm system, PLC,fire detectors

PLC型号的选择
根据控制要求分析,本设计采用的PLC为S7-300系列。S7-300采用模块式结构,每个单独的模块之间可以进行组合和扩展。它的主要组成部分有机架(或者导轨)、电源(PS)模块、中央处理单元(CPU)模块、借口模块(IM)、信号模块(SM)、功能模块(FM)和通信处理器(CP)模块。用户可以根据系统的具体情况选择合适的模块。

目录
第1章绪论    1
1.1 研究背景及意义    1
1.2 国内外研究现状    2
1.3 主要研究内容与组织结构    3
第2章火灾自动报警系统整体方案设计    5
2.1物流仓库总体架构    5
2.1.1 物流仓库组成    5
2.1.2 防火需求分析    5
2.2火灾探测器    6
2.2.1 火灾探测器选型    6
2.2.2 火灾探测器安装数量    9
2.3消防联动设备    10
2.4系统总体设计方案    11
2.5本章小结    11
第3章下位机系统设计    12
3.1硬件设计    12
3.1.1 PLC型号的选择    12
3.1.2 I/O分配表    13
3.1.3 PLC硬件组态    14
3.2软件设计    15
3.2.1 控制流程图    15
3.2.2 PLC程序梯形图    16
3.3系统仿真    19
3.4本章小结    22
第4章上位机系统设计    23
4.1 WinCC软件介绍    23
4.2监控系统总体设计    24
4.2.1 功能分析    24
4.2.2 模块设计    24
4.3监控系统的实现    24
4.3.1 界面设计    24
4.3.2 动态监控    26
4.4本章小结    30
第5章总结与展望    31
5.1总结    31
5.2经济性分析    31
5.3展望    31
参考文献    33
附录    34
致谢    39

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