软件数据库的面向对象的视角

软件数据库的面向对象的视角(中文4800字,英文2800字)
从历史的角度回顾
从数据库的早期开始，存储和操纵数据就一直是主要的应用焦点。第一个通用的DBMS是由Charles Bechman于20世纪60年代早期在通用电器公司设计的，称为集成数据存储(Integrated Data Store).它奠定了网状数据模型的基础。网状数据模型由数据系统语言协会(CODASYL)标准化，并在整个20世纪60年代对数据库系统产生了巨大的影响。由于Bachman在数据库领域的贡献，他成为第一个ACM图灵奖（相当于计算机科学界的诺贝尔奖）的获得者，并于1973年接受了这一奖励。
20世纪60年代末期，IBM成功开发了信息管理系统(IMS)DBMS。直至今天，它还在许多系统中使用。IMS奠定了另一个数据表达框架——层次数据模型的基础。同时，美国航空公司和IBM联合开发出用于飞机订票的SABRE系统，它允许多个用户通过计算机网络存取相同数据。有趣的是，今天SABRE系统被用于支持广为流行的基于Web的旅游服务，如Travelocity。

Software Database An Object-Oriented Perspective
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
From the earliest days of computers, storing and manipulating data have been a major application focus. The first general-purpose DBMS was designed by Charles Bachman at General Electric in the early 1960s and was called the Integrated Data Store. It formed the basis for the network data model, which was standardized by the Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) and strongly influenced database systems through the 1960s. Bachman was the first recipient of ACM’s Turing Award (the computer science equivalent of a Nobel prize) for work in the database area; he received the award in 1973. In the late 1960s, IBM developed the Information Management System (IMS) DBMS, used even today in many major installations.