微孔的加工方法

微孔的加工方法(中文3600字,英文2100字)
正如宏观加工一样，在微观加工中孔的加工也许也是最常用的加工之一。孔的加工方法有很多种，每一种都有其优点和缺陷，这主要取决于孔的直径、深度、工件材料和设备要求。这篇文章主要介绍了内冷却钻头钻孔、无冷却钻孔、插铣、电火花以及激光加工微孔的几种方法。
易于孔加工的操作
无论孔有多大，在加工时将冷却液导入到刀尖，这都有助于排屑并能降低刀具和工件表面产生的摩擦热。尤其是在加工深细孔时，有无冷却对加工的影响更大，因为深细孔加工的刀具比较脆弱，再加上刀具对切屑的二次切削和切屑的堆积会积累大量的热，而热量是碳化物刀具的主要“天敌”，它会加快刀具的失效速度。

英语翻译
Options for micro-holemaking
As in the macroscale-machining world, holemaking is one of the most— if not the most—frequently performed operations for micromachining. Many options exist for how those holes are created. Each has its advantages and limitations, depending on the required hole diameter and depth, workpiece material and equipment requirements. This article covers holemaking with through-coolant drills and those without coolant holes, plunge milling, microdrilling using sinker EDMs and laser drilling.
Helpful Holes
Getting coolant to the drill tip while the tool is cutting helps reduce the amount of heat at the tool/workpiece interface and evacuate chips regardless of hole diameter. But through-coolant capability is especially helpful when deep-hole microdrilling because the tools are delicate and prone to failure when experiencing recutting of chips, chip packing and too much exposure to carbide’s worst enemy—heat.