发动机活塞连杆组—活塞详解(中文3000字,英文2200字)
活塞连杆组由活塞、活塞环、活塞销、连杆、连杆轴瓦等组成。
一、功用：
活塞的功用是承受气体压力，并通过活塞销传给连杆驱使曲轴旋转，从而气缸里面的吸气、排气等过程。活塞顶部还是燃烧室的组成部分。
活塞的工作条件：活塞在高温、高压、高速、润滑不良的条件下工作。活塞直接与高温气体接触，瞬时温度可达2500K以上，因此，受热严重，而散热条件又很差，所以活塞工作时温度很高，顶部高达600～700K，且温度分布很不均匀；活塞顶部承受气体压力很大，特别是作功行程压力最大，汽油机高达3～5MPa，柴油机高达6～9MPa，这就使得活塞产生冲击，并承受侧压力的作用，因此，活塞应有足够的耐热性，要尽量减小活塞的受热面，加强活塞的冷却，适当增大传热面，使活塞顶部的最高温度下降，以便保护活塞头。活塞在气缸内以很高的速度(8～12m/s)往复运动，且速度在不断地变化，这就产生了很大的惯性力，使活塞受到很大的附加载荷。活塞在这种恶劣的条件下工作，会产生变形并加速磨损，还会产生附加载荷和热应力，同时受到燃气的化学腐蚀作用。因此， 为了减小往复惯性力，必须尽可能地减轻活塞的重量。活塞是在高温、高压、高速（活塞平均速度可达101115m/s）的条件下工作的，其润滑条件较差，活塞与气缸壁间摩擦严重。为减小摩擦，活塞表面必须光滑、耐磨。
The machine piston connecting rod set- detailed exposition of piston
The piston connecting rod set is composed of the piston, piston wreath, piston pin, connecting rod, connecting rod axle bush, etc.
Ⅰ. effect: The effect of the piston is to bear the air pressure, and pass to connecting rod to drive the bent axle to revolve through connecting rod axle bush, the piston coping is still a part of the burning room. The work condition: Piston works under the condition of heat, high pressure, high speed, and bad lubrication .Piston directly contacts with the heat air. The temperature can amount to above 2500 Ks in a moment .The piston is heated severely, but the condition of spreading the hot is bad .So while the piston works, the temperature is very high and the coping is up to the 600-700 Ks: And the temperature distributes asymmetrically; The piston coping bears great air pressure, especially the pressure is greatest in the route of doing efficacy. The gasoline machine is up to the 3-5MPas, the diesel engine is up to the 6-9MPas.This makes the piston produce pound, and bear the function of the side pressure. Therefore, the piston should have enough heat-proof, try to decrease the heating area,, strengthen the cooling of the piston, to make the highest temperature of the coping descend .The piston moves at very high speed(8-12 ms/ s) back and forth in the air cylinder, and speed changes constantly, This produces very great inertial dint, making the piston bear great additional load working under such bad condition, the piston will become deformed heating power. At the same time ,it slitters the chemical corrosive power of the burning gas .In order to descend the inertial dint of back and forth, we must ease the weight of the piston as possible .Piston works under the condition of the heat, high pressure, high speed(the average speed can amount to the 101115 m/ s), and its lubricant condition is bad and the frication between the piston and the air cylinder wall is very great. In order to descend the friction, the surface of the piston surface must be wear-resistant.. |
