车床与车削 Lathe and Turning

车床与车削(中文3600字,英文2500字)
1.车床及其结构
车床是主要用于生成旋转表面和平整边缘的机床。
根据它们的使用目的、结构、能同时被安装刀具的数量和自动化的程度，车床—或更确切地说是车床类的机床，可以被分成以下几类：
(1)普通车床
(2)万能车床
(3)转塔车床
(4)立式车床
(5)自动车床
(6)特殊车床
虽然车床类的机床多种多样，但它们在结构和操作原理上具有共同特性。这些特性可以通过普通车床这一最常用的代表性类型来最好地说明。下面是关于普通车床的主要部分的描述。
1.1车床床身：车床床身是包含了在两个垂直支柱上水平横梁的主骨架。为减振它一般由灰铸铁或球墨铸铁铸造而成。它上面有能让大拖板轻易纵向滑动的导轨。车床床身的高度应适当以让技师容易而舒适地工作。
 
Lathe and Turning
The Lathe and Its Construction
  A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution and flat edges.
Based on their purpose, construction, number of tools that can simultaneously be mounted, and degree of automation, lathes-or, more accurately, lathe-type machine tools can be classified as follows:
(1)Engine lathes
(2)Tool room lathes
(3)Turret lathes
(4)Vertical turning and boring mills
(5)Automatic lathes
(6)Special-purpose lathes
 In spite of that diversity of lathe-type machine tools, they all have common features with respect to construction and principle of operation. These features can best be illustrated by considering the commonly used representative type, the engine lathe. Following is a description of each of the main elements of an engine lathe.