从语言文化视角对比分析中英文句子结构

从语言文化视角对比分析中英文句子结构(毕业论文7100字)                              
摘  要：不同的国家有着自己本身特点鲜明的语言和文化，这两者也影响着自身国家的说话方式，尤其对语言本身的句子结构有着很大的影响，本文通过分析大量实例来讨论英汉句子结构存在何种差异；以及在翻译中如何避免该差异产生的消极影响。由于英汉分别属于两种完全不同的语言体系(英语属印欧体系;汉语属汉藏体系。) 毫无置疑，这两种语言存在着许多的差异。其中，句子结构存在的差异最为明显。文章主要从以下4个方面来考察和分析这些差异：形合与意合，前后重心，主语突出与主题突出，主客观倾向。并且提出一些建议克服这些差异对翻译（主要是英译汉）的影响，总结出不同的翻译方法。
关键词：英语；汉语；差异；句子结构

The Differences and Similarities of Chinese and English Sentence Structures from the Perspective of Language and Culture
Abstract: Different country has different language and culture, besides, the two elements all influence the speech in one country, especially, the sentence structure, we can see the differences from many aspects. This thesis discusses the differences of sentence structure between English and Chinese and how to minimize the negative effect caused by these differences in translation, by analyzing a lot of examples. English and Chinese belong to entirely different language systems (Indo-European vs. Sino-Tibetan). Not surprisingly, there are vast differences between the two. Sentence structure is one of the areas in which great differences exist. This paper examines and analyzes these differences from the following four prospectives: hypotactic and paratactic, the place of important information, subject-prominence and topic-prominence, subjective inclination and objective inclination aspects. Then proposals are offered as to how to bridge the gap in the above aspects in translation (mainly from English into Chinese). Some methods are suggested.
Key words: English；Chinese；Differences；Sentence structure

Contents
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….…………1
Key words………………………………………………………………..……………1
Introduction……………………………..……………………………………………2
1 Language and culture ................………………………………………………..2
1.1 The definition of culture…………………………..……………………………….2
1.2 The relationship between language and culture……………………………………3
1.3 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis……………………………………..…………………5
1.4 Linguistic evidence of cultural differences…………………….…..……………….6
1.5 Cultural overlap and diffusion………………………………………………………7
2 An Analysis of the English and Chinese sentence structure…………………………8
2.1 Hypotactic language and paratactic language……………………………………….9
2.1.1Recursiveness………………………………..………….………………10
2.1.2 Beyond the sentence…… ..…….……………………………………………11
2.2 Differences in the emphasis of important points………………………………...…12
2.2.1 Subject and topic……………………………………..…………………….……12
2.2.2 Subject prominence and topic prominence………………………………………12
2.3 Position of important information………………………………………………… 16
2.3.1Endocentric and exocentric constructions……………………...…………………16
2.3.2 Coordination and subordination…………………….……………………16
2.4 Subjective inclination and objective inclination………………………..17
Conclusion…………………………………………...…………………………………18
Notes…………………………………………………………………………………...19
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………19
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………20