水稻稻曲病菌厚垣孢子细胞壁多糖测定

水稻稻曲病菌厚垣孢子细胞壁多糖测定(13000字)
摘  要：水稻稻曲病(Rice False Smut)是由稻绿核菌[Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke)Tak]引起的水稻穗部真菌性病害。该病在世界各水稻产区均有发生，近年来呈现加重趋势，它不仅直接影响水稻的品质和产量，而且其产生的毒素对人和动物均有毒性。
采用了4种机械破壁和两种酶（蜗牛酶和溶菌酶）对该病菌黄色和黑色厚垣孢子进行破壁，选取最佳破壁方案，结果表明液氮研磨－超声破碎法破壁效果最好，黄色和黑色厚垣孢子的破壁率均可达98%以上。得出液氮研磨－超声波破碎法是一种稻曲病菌厚垣孢子破壁的有效、简便、适宜在实验室应用的方法
采用碱提法提取不同颜色厚垣孢子壁内的多糖，分别用硫酸蒽酮法测定多糖含量，结果表明：黄色厚垣孢子壁内含多糖73.867%；黑色厚垣孢子壁内含多糖81.207%。
关键词：稻曲病；稻曲病菌；厚垣孢子；多糖成分

Determination of the chlamydospore's CWPS of ustilaginodea virens
Abstract：Rice false smut is a fungal disease in rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke)Tak, which harmed the panicles of rice. Rice false smut is a worldwide disease, and became more and more seriously in recently years, which not only influence greatly on the yield and quality of rice, but ustiloxins also cause poisoning to human and animals.
smut fungus, Four wall-breaking methods and two enzymes (lysozyme and snailase) were been used. Results showed that Liquid nitrogen grinding plus ultrasonic crushing technique was the best one, its wall-breaking rates on yellow and black chlamydospores could all reached over 98%. Therefore, liquid nitrogen grinding plus ultrasonic crushing method is an effective, economic, convenient wall-breaking method for U. virens in the laboratory.
Alkali extract was used to extract the cell wall polysaccharides, and studied with the method of anthrone, respectively. Result revealed that the cell wall of yellow chlamydospores polysaccharide 73.867%, and cell wall of black chlamydospores polysaccharide 81.207%.
Key words: rice false smut case; Ustilaginoidea virens; chlamydospores; Polysaccharide